European view on Abkhazia, part IV. The Republic of Abkhazia: Paradise in limbo. Film Box2 TV.
Here - in the New Athos - a twenty-minute drive north-west of Sukhum, is a functioning monastery. It was built by Russian in 1870, when they finally took control of Abkhazia.
Russian monks moved here from the Russian Monastery from Mount Athos in northern Greece. This is a man-made miracle was bright addition to the natural wonders that abound in New Athos. Should emphasize the importance of Christianity for Abkhazia, because many people have completely the wrong idea about what the majority of Abkhazians are adherents of Islam.
So far, all that we saw during our trip to Abkhazia, was on the ground, and now the tour takes us into the ground! At the moment, we are deep in the mountains in New Athos, on which stands the ancient capital and stronghold Anakopiya. In 1961, a young man named Givi Smyr, who is now the director of the tourist complex in Novy Afon, found a hole on the side of the mountain. Now, cave complex in New Athos is one of the top three largest in the world of caves!
Said Givi Smyr:
- Background very original so to speak. Nikita (meaning Khrushchev) was in America (USA). Hence, the American president invited him to the cave, a three-hour drive from Washington. He was shocked! Khrushchev gave strict instructions to the former Soviet Union to find and equip the cave. And now - it's a miracle. There was a large expedition, so maybe it was about 30, and the assault team we had - the four of us. And this was, of course, a huge difference. Now it is impossible to equip the cave, put the money in a cave ...
And here it was such a miracle, but another thing is that the project was not quite wealthy, it is not environmentally correct. Left out was a moment, then rising water in the lakes of the cave. The water rose, and she went on the tunnel, the water came right here now - in the city center!
Abkhazians, who live in the northern part of Abkhazia, speak Bzybsky dialect. The annual festival to commemorate Bzybsky culture is here - in Lyhnashte - or Lyhninskoy clearing.
Abkhazians those who live in the central part of Abkhazia, known as the Abzhuevy or "middle men." Since the seventies of the last century here - in a clearing in the village or Mokva Myku - Folk Festival is held to commemorate Abzhui culture. Located on this meadow around me buildings are examples of traditional wicker huts that Abkhazians call "apatsha."
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, within a few years, the Caucasus remained independent. And at a time when the Georgian government was composed of Mensheviks, was the period of oppression name "Abkhazia". That is why Abkhazia, unlike Georgia, welcomed the appearance in the Caucasus in 1921, the Red Army. March 4 of that year, in Abkhazia Soviet power was established, and on May 21 the Abkhazian Soviet Socialist Republic was recognized by the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia.
December 16 Abkhazia signed a special treaty of alliance with Georgia, while the December 13, 1922, Abkhazia and Georgia joined as partners in the Transcaucasian Federation, together with Armenia and Azerbaijan.
In February 1931, completely against the will of its leadership and people, Abkhazia has lost its status of contract associated with Georgia, and has been transformed into just an autonomous republic of Georgia. It happened on the orders of a man who at that time made the concentration in the hands of complete control over the Kremlin, namely Joseph Dzhugashvili - Georgian, known around the world as Joseph Stalin, who carefully cultivated his own model of the Soviet Union.
Although Stalin had no cottages in the most Pitsunda in 1932 here - Misr - at the north end of the bay Pitsunda, he built this, a relatively small country house for himself and his guests. From that balcony he watched his favorite films, arranged on the screen on the wall directly across from me.
First communist leader of Abkhazia Nestor Lakoba was truly popular leader, because he was able to defend Abkhazia from the Kremlin kinks twenties. In 1936, he refused to accept the invitation to head Stalin's secret services of the Soviet Union, and was poisoned in Tbilisi's main assistant in the Caucasus, Stalin Lavrenty Beria - Samegrelo - who was himself born in Abkhazia.
This event marked a period of intense "Georgianisation" Abkhazian life. Abkhazian intelligentsia has been liquidated, was organized by the Georgian mass transfer, especially Mengrels from Georgia, in order to reduce the share of the Abkhazians in their native land. In 1945, the Abkhaz schools were closed, and they were replaced by Georgian schools were banned publications and radio programs in the Abkhaz language.
True, these measures came to an end after the death of Stalin in 1953, but they remained in the collective memory of the Abkhaz people, as an example, that in Georgia actually means "autonomy."
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